The last motive to the Spanish expansion, previously mentioned, was religion. public, as is the use and custom in Castile. Espanola, and the order that should be maintained; and that is, that the said Library of Congress, ‘1492: An Ongoing Voyage’ [online exhibit], Merriman, John. Through his journey, the Italian explorer discovered new people, fertile land and enormous economic potential in the “New World” that he claimed to have discovered. which belongs to your Highnesses shall be weighed, and given and consigned to [Christopher Columbus] Home. That for the better and more speedy colonization of the said island, We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. BY ... Letter to the King and Queen--Discovery of Trinidad ... SPAIN, 1500, 1502. and the Demarcation of the Maritime and Colonial Domains of Spain and Portugal, 1493-1494.’  The American Historical Review, vol. assist him, who shall receive all the gold belonging to your Highnesses, and ‘Gold of the Indies’ in Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. the vessel keep one key and some person selected by the governor and treasurer [1] ‘Columbus lands in South America’ https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/columbus-lands-in-south-america (7 Oct 2018), [2] Julie, Jones. -. out colonists' papers, and have built houses for their abode, in the town in disembark or other person be permitted to go on board until the ship has been That if the said alcaldes or notaries shall commit or be privy to any any gold whatsoever is found outside of the said chest in any way, be it 32-38, Tirado, Thomas. [9] Jim, Jones. Columbus’ letter to the King and Queen of Spain is one of the first records of his discovery of the Americas. Letter to the King and Queen of Spain, circa 1494, Columbus lists his recommendations about how Spain should proceed, including his suggestion that the area he encountered be systematically colonized. may receive his own; and that, for the faithful performance of this duty, if Oct 2018). necessary for the island performed. governor or treasurer who may be appointed there by your Highnesses. That all the gold thus brought in shall be smelted immediately, and and when the time for their departure comes, that they should sail from these Columbus arrived at Palos in Andalucia, Spain in 1485 after traveling from Portugal. Registered office: Venture House, Cross Street, Arnold, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG5 7PJ. make their proper discharge in the port of Cadiz, and that no person shall ‘The Age of Discovery, 1400-1600’ Routledge, 2002. Christopher Columbus' daring needs no introduction, but one is often pleasantly surprised at the fine quality of mind of this self-taught, red-haired, handsome, talented, and ambitious man. The monarchs of Spain saw their accomplishments in light of spreading the Christian faith which Columbus advocated in his letter. The attraction of the unknown continents, the thirst for expanding knowledge, and the vision of an empire gave birth to the greatest period of European exploration. ‘Background to the Journal of the First Voyage by Christopher Columbus’ (West Chester University of Pennsylvania 2013) http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his101/web/36columb.htm  (16 Oct. 2018), [10] Felipe, Fernández-Armesto. WorldCat Home About WorldCat Help. each alcalde in his own town, and registered by the above-mentioned priest or Registered Data Controller No: Z1821391. The document was written with the aim to advise the Spanish monarchy on how to plan and establish the commerce and colonies of Espanola and of the other islands. A Letter addressed to the noble Lord Raphael Sanchez, Treasurer to their most invincible Majesties, Ferdinand and Isabella, King and Queen of Spain, by Christopher Columbus In that island also which I have before said we name Española, there are mountains of very great size and beauty, vast plains, groves, and very fruitful fields, admirably adapted for tillage, pasture, and habitation. That in the said island there shall be a treasurer, with a clerk to 44-49. ‘The Columbus Myth: Power and Ideology in Picturebooks About Christopher Columbus’, 45, no.3 (2014)  pp. [5] Francois, Guizot. Christopher Columbus Explorers and Expeditions History of England Spain Trending Questions The ‘Letter to the King and Queen of Spain’ ,written by the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus, is not only a report of discovery and exploration of Espanola but also a reflection on the nature of the Spanish conquest of the Americas. In this letter, Christopher Columbus states “…you will learn how in thirty-three days I passed from the Canary Islands to the Indies, with the fleet which the most illustrious King and Queen, our Sovereigns, gave to me.” (Stearns). ("Letter of Christopher Columbus, to whom our age is much indebted, about the islands of India beyond the Ganges recently discovered, and to explore which he had been sent eight months before under the auspices and at the expense of the most invincible Ferdinand, King of Spain; to the magnificent lord Raphael Sanxis, Treasurer to the Most Serene King, which the noble and literate … Columbus succeeded in gaining commission from the royal patronage in Spain in 1492, after Queen Isabella conquered Granada from the Muslims whom were an essential part of Medieval Spain, in which the Iberian Peninsula was under full Catholic control. Published: 8th Feb 2020 in no one shall have liberty to collect gold in it except those who have taken month, or once a week, as the time may have been set for him, to render Christopher Columbus, letter to the king and queen of Spain. I beg your Highnesses to hold me in your protection; and I remain, praying our [4]  John, Merriman. Santángel worked as escribano de racion to King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I of Spain which left him in charge of the Royal finance. VAT Registration No: 842417633. This is obvious from the informative tone and persuasive, flattery language employed by Columbus throughout the document as a way to attract his funders. Christopher Columbus to Luis de Santángel,Official Notary for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, 1493. and the collector the other, and a better arrangement for the division be made the other; that there should come with the gold, for a testimony, a list of However the dispersal of religion had negative connotations. administer the sacraments, to perform divine worship, and for the conversion In the first place, as regards the Island of Espanola: Inasmuch as the Castile, that all of it should be taken on board the ship, both that belonging 179-196. preferable, your Highnesses might, for the space of one year, take one half, Arnold, David. A letter by Christopher Columbus, stolen, returns to the Vatican The handing over ceremony took place in the Vatican Library. Christopher Columbus’ “Letter to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain” is a detailed report, indicating the navigator’s recommendations about the colonization and exploitation of the island of Hispaniola. not have declared all the gold they have. A Letter from Christopher Columbus to the King and Queen of Spain 1494. of the Indians. to your Highnesses and the property of every one else; that it should all be exhibit the manifest of all the cargo, it may be seen and examined if the said Christopher Columbus’ “Letter to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain” (ca. Columbus also told King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella that his journey would help spread the Christian faith to new lands. Letter to King Ferdinand of Spain, describing the results of the first voyage. ‘European World 1500-1800: An Introduction to Early Modern History’, Routledge, 2014. As regards the division of the gold, and the share that ought to be All of these intertwine the three motives previously mentioned. in the presence of the magistrates of the said city of Cadiz, and of the Looking for a flexible role? 1494) is more than a report of discovery and exploration; it is a reflection of the nature of the Spanish … In a larger sense, the Spanish settlement at Hispaniola served as the main source in the evolution of the New World, the European colonization of the Western Hemisphere. A Letter From Christopher Columbus to the King & Queen of Spain, 1490's (Audio Download): Amazon.in: Christopher Columbus, Robert Gworek, SonicMovie.net, ChicagooWood Media, Wollcott & … Therefore, when Columbus claimed these lands for the Spanish crown, he sought out to convert the ‘Indians’ to the Christian religion. In the first four points of his letter, recommendations were made highlighting the three motives behind the Spanish conquest. Christopher Columbus, letter to the King and Queen of Spain (Undated, probably 1494) Short introduction. Privileges and Prerogatives granted to Columbus April 30 1492, The Papal bull Inter Caetera Alexander VI May 4 1493, Columbus Letter to the King and Queen of Spain 1494, Letters of Patent to John Cabbot March 5 1496, Letter of Amerigo Vespucci to Pier Soderini 1497, Letter from Lorenzo Pasqualigo to His Brothers Alvise and Francesco 1497, First Despatch of Raimondo di Soncino to the Duke of Milan 1497, Second Despatch of Raimondo di Soncino to the Duke of Milan 1497, King Ferdinand's letter to the Taino-Arawak Indians, The Constitution of the Iroquois Nations around 1500, Richard Hakluyt Discourse of western planting 1584, Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh March 25 1584. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. towns in the possession of any one who has once registered in accordance with (Osher Map Library, University of Southern Maine). Columbus had every reason to believe that the king and queen would finally accept his grand idea on this attempt. ‘A History of Modern Europe: From the Renaissance to the Age of Napoleon’ no.1 (New York 2010) p.41, Nader, Helen. Company Registration No: 4964706. Friaries provided food and shelter for … ship brings any thing hidden and not known at the time of lading. engage in its search in preference to any other employment, it seems to me afterward. Search. aforesaid governor and treasurer, because it will have to be greater or less To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! fraud, punishment shall be provided, and the same for the colonists who shall number of colonists who desire to go thither amounts to two thousand, owing to deliver to the said treasurer. ‘Columbus and the Beginning of the World’ (1999) pp. Columbus' Letter to the King and Queen of Spain by Christopher Columbus Most High and Mighty Sovereigns, In obedience to your Highnesses' commands, and with submission to superior judgment, I will say whatever occurs to me in reference to the colonization and commerce of the Island of Espanola, and of the other islands, both those the above order shall be taken as forfeited, and that the accuser shall have While returning to Europe in February, 1493 after discovering the New World, Columbus wrote a letter to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain… No plagiarism, guaranteed! Columbus knew it was important to the monarchy to consolidate a hierarchical system of government which is why this is mentioned early on in the letter. ‘Gold of the Indies’ in Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. the alcaldes and notaries of the towns shall each keep a record of what they Most notably, the letter was an exaggerated account of the islands of Hispanola and Cuba, greatly magnifying their size and resources. Within two years alter the discovery of America, before he fell under the cloud of the king's disfavor, Columbus advocated the establishment of a Spanish colony in the New World, closely regulated and directed by the Crown. that the privilege of going to look for gold ought to be withheld during some 22, no. In point number four, Columbus wrote: “…parish priests or friars to administer the sacraments, to perform divine worship, and for the conversion of the Indians.” It is evident that there was a push for Christianity among the natives of the island and this continued as far as 1565 with the introduction of the requerimiento demanding the Indians to abide by Spanish law and follow Christianity. That each town shall have its alcalde [Mayor] ... and its notary pay any thing to the alcaldes or notaries for their services, or for ensuring [6] Columbus’ emphasis on the existence of gold in the Indies and how it should be acquired and processed within the letter tells us a great deal about the overall nature of the Spanish exploration and colonization. Explorers like Christopher Columbus and Vasco de Gama attracted many European monarchs and nations who desired to escape the medieval period and its’ separation from other societies. first take oath to return to the place whence he sets out, for the purpose of [8] This division was set in stone with the agreement of the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 signed by the two crowns.[9]. Bourne ‘The Northmen, Columbus and Cabot, 985- 1503: The Voyages of the Northmen; The Voyages of Columbus and of John Cabot’ (New York, 1906) pp 273-270, Royal, Robert. Heike, Paul. Firstly, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain saw their accomplishments in the spreading of the Christian faith. ‘Columbus—Hero or Villain?’ (1992) pp.4-9, Guizot, Francois ‘The Rise of Centralized Government: Guizot’s Eleventh Lecture’. All work is written to order. Columbus wants to regulate the collection and administration of gold, increasing Spanish power and prestige, and converting the native populations to Catholicism. the faithful perforce of their duties, that this amount shall be sent to the Luis de Santángel (died 1498) was a third generation converso in Spain during the late fifteenth century. ‘The Book of Privileges Issued to Christopher Columbus by King Fernando and Queen Isabel 1492-1502’ no.2 (Berkeley: U of California P, 1996), Olson, E. Julius and Edward. stamped with some mark that shall distinguish each town; and that the portion The King and Queen of Spain sent Christopher Columbus on all of his voyages. concealed. That all the ships that come from the said island shall be obliged to ‘Columbus—Hero Or Villain?’ (1992) pp.4-9, [11] Elbridge, S. Brooks ‘The True Story of Christopher Columbus Called the Great Admiral’ (2013) http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1488/1488-h/1488-h.htm#link2HCH0007  (16. Search for Library Items Search for Lists Search for Contacts Search for a Library. That the chest in which the said gold has been carried shall be opened Most High and Mighty Sovereigns, In obedience to your Highnesses' commands, and with submission to superior judgment, I will say whatever occurs to me in reference to the colonization … ships should only be allowed to discharge in one or two ports designated for The products of other continents – gold and silver, textiles, tobacco and spices – began to pour in through Europe’s ports, boosting its wealth and providing the economic basis for a continuing commercial and industrial expansion. On 2 January 1492, while he was waiting for an answer, Spain defeated the Moors in Granada. This highlighted the unmoving dominance of the Catholic Church and its’ influence into the decision making emerging from Medieval into Early Modern Europe. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2000- http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ingd/hd_ingd.htm  (8 Oct. 2018), [3] Julius, E Olson and Edward. European nations competed to take the lead in maritime enterprise and entered the field as competitors for geographical honours. Both of which, Columbus highlighted many times in his letter to the King and Queen of Spain as the motives to the exploration. the purpose, and should register there whatever cargo they bring or unload; down by the notary before the aIcalde, or, if it seems better, that a friar or ‘A History of Modern Europe: From the Renaissance to the Age of Napoleon’ (New York 2010) Volume One p.41. [3] The audience of this letter is the Catholic Kings, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. from the governor or alcalde of the town where he lives; and that he must little or much, it shall be forfeited to your Highnesses. The powerful monarchs of Europe had centralized the authority and wealth of each country and used their vast wealth to fund the expeditions of these explorers. The ‘Letter to the King and Queen of Spain’ ,written by the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus, is not only a report of discovery and exploration of Espanola but also a reflection on the nature of the Spanish conquest of the Americas. aside for building churches and adorning the same, and for the support of the 43–88. According to Columbus, the purpose of governing the colonies is to ensure that gold is collected efficiently and with authenticity to guarantee that the Crown and other individuals receive the gold that is rightfully theirs. The day before Christopher Columbus set sail for the New World (or whatever it was he was hoping to find), another ship carrying a heavy historical legacy left Spain. On February 15th of 1493, Christopher Columbus wrote a letter to King Ferdinand of Spain to describe the outcome of his voyage. [2] This valuable metal acted as a catalyst for the Spanish exploration and conquests of the Americas. The letter is fairly brief; especially pertinent are points 1, 4, 5 and 9. the fifth, making the tax easier, in some fair way, in order that many may be [Christofer Columbus] From the analysis of the primary source document, there are three motives to the Spanish expansion; authority, religion and the discovery of gold. ‘The Rise of Centralized Government: Guizot’s Eleventh Lecture’ https://www.libertarianism.org/publications/essays/rise-centralized-government (9 Oct. 2018), [6] David, Arnold. In reference to the transportation of gold from the island to Bourne ‘The Northmen, Columbus and Cabot, 985- 1503: The Voyages of the Northmen; The Voyages of Columbus and of John Cabot. priests or friars belonging to them; and, if it should be thought proper to In obedience to your Highnesses' commands, and with submission to superior New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art 2000-. On the thirty-third day after leaving Cadiz I came into the Indian Sea, where I discovered many islands inhabited by numerous people. Use evidence from his OR Write a letter from the Native American people to their leader in which you characterize Christopher Columbus. In regard to the discovery of new countries, I think permission should Columbus's Letter to the King and the Queen. The voyages of discovery laid the basis for a global system of trade, much of it in European hands. 2–10. History. Christopher Columbus, letter to the king and queen of Spain. 1, (1916) pp. Most High and Mighty Sovereigns, In obedience to your Highnesses' commands, and with submission to superior judgment… If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! ‘The Age of Discovery, 1400-1600’ (London: 2002) Second Edition p.3, [7] Thomas, Tirado. 201-225, Wilson, M. Samuel, ‘Columbus, My Enemy (A Caribbean chief resists the first Spanish invaders)’ (1990) pp. ‘Alexander VI. friar, so that it shall not pass through the hands of only one person, and Get this from a library! Free resources to assist you with your university studies! Columbus, with his son Diego, made his way to the Franciscan friary of Santa María de La Rábida; near the mouth of Rio Tinto. There is no exact date for when this document was written but it has been dated back to the years 1493-1494 around two years after his first voyage. On Aug. 2, 1492, a ship of Sephardic Jews — those living in and expelled from the Iberian Peninsula — made its way out of Spanish waters. In this Letter to the King and Queen of Spain, circa 1494, Columbus lists his recommendations about how Spain should proceed, including his suggestion that the area he encountered be systematically colonized. Christopher Columbus. That all gold that may be found without the mark of one of the said ... What favor did Columbus initially ask of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella on an earlier expedition prior to his letter concerning his fourth voyage? Info: 2372 words (9 pages) Essay A Letter From Christopher Columbus to the King & Queen of Spain, 1490's (Audio Download): Amazon.co.uk: Christopher Columbus, Robert Gworek, SonicMovie.net, ChicagooWood Media, Wollcott & Sheridan: Audible Audiobooks EXCERPT-Christopher Columbus letter to King and Queen of Spain, 1493. serve as a place to which they can return and from which they can carry on This, at last, made it possible for Ferdinand and Isabella to give their attention to other matters. reserved for your Highnesses, this, in my opinion, must be left to the Search. Or, should it seem portion of each year, that there may be opportunity to have the other business given to each owner. Is his letter a primary source or a secondary source? Towards the end of the 15 th century, he was sent by the King and Queen of Spain to go and explore the Indies. That he should sense the direction of future events testifies to his perception. trade with the neighboring islands: I will now give my opinion about ships going to the said Island of be granted to all that wish to go, and more liberality used in the matter of [8] Linden, H. Vander. Copyright © 2003 - 2021 - UKEssays is a trading name of All Answers Ltd, a company registered in England and Wales. That there shall be a church, and parish priests or friars to ‘Christopher Columbus and the Myth of ‘Discovery.’ The Myths That Made America: An Introduction to American Studies’ (2014) pp. We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. one portion of it and your Highnesses the other. Study for free with our range of university lectures! This resulted in a division of zones with Portugal claiming ownership of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Brazil and Spain possessing most of the Americas. judgment, I will say whatever occurs to me in reference to the colonization situated in the most convenient places, and that the settlers who are there be visited by the person or persons deputed for that purpose, in the said city, [11] The wheels of civilisation were beginning to turn in the New World and this led to Spain’s emergence as a world power portrayed by Columbus in his letter. The columbus letter ‘Representations of Grace and Wealth and the Enterprise of the Indies’ , 119, no.2 (North Carolina, 2004) pp. As, in the eagerness to get gold, every one will wish, naturally, to [5] Thirdly, the word ‘gold’ is mentioned seventeen times throughout the letter emphasising the management of the wealth and fortune he is going to add to the Spanish Empire. already discovered and those that may be discovered hereafter. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. Homework Assessment How does Christopher Columbus characterize the Native Americans? Christopher Columbus, his life in Spain 1485 to 1492. assigned to the aforesaid places and towns. and commerce of the Island of Espanola, and of the other islands, both those Columbus Letter to the King and Queen of Spain 1494; Letters of Patent to John Cabbot March 5 1496; Letter of Amerigo Vespucci to Pier Soderini 1497; Letter from Lorenzo Pasqualigo to His Brothers Alvise and Francesco 1497; First Despatch of Raimondo di Soncino to the Duke of Milan 1497; Second Despatch of Raimondo di Soncino to the Duke of Milan 1497; King Ferdinand's letter to the Taino … That in the said island there shall be founded three or four towns, Christopher Columbus made landfall on an island which he called Espanola in December 1492, after setting sail from Spain about four months earlier during his first voyage. person deputed for that purpose by your Highnesses, and his own property be account and show the quantity of said gold; and that this shall be written Spain acted upon Columbus' advice and quickly planted a colony in Hispaniola (Haiti) that became the stepping stone for further Spanish incursions into the Americas. The Spanish monarchs were devout Catholics. all that has been put into the said chest, properly marked, so that each owner I have determined to write you this letter to inform you of everything that has been done and discovered in this voyage of mine. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. placed in one chest with two locks, with their keys, and that the master of ... so he simply claimed the islands for Spain. [4] Secondly, Columbus draws in on the Spanish obsession with centralisation in point’s number one and four with the inclusion of a Mayor and notary public in each town on the island acting as representatives for the Spanish empire. The Age of Discovery led to a worldwide expansion of European power (mainly between Spain and Portugal) and the ability to exchange information, thanks to the invention of the printing press, with nearly all parts of the world. and the Demarcation of the Maritime and Colonial Domains of Spain and Portugal, 1493-1494.’, Vilches, Elvira. That none of the colonists shall go to seek gold without a license Christopher Columbus - Columbus' Letter to the King and Queen of Spain [tekst, tłumaczenie i interpretacja piosenki] Wykonawca: Christopher Columbus Album: Ms. Alexander's ENG 250 Class (Fall 2015) , U.S. History, 3rd Hour Gatunek: Poetry Kumin, Beat. A Letter From Christopher Columbus to the King & Queen of Spain, 1490's (Audio Download): Christopher Columbus, Robert Gworek, SonicMovie.net, ChicagooWood Media, Wollcott & Sheridan: Amazon.com.au: Audible *You can also browse our support articles here >, http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1488/1488-h/1488-h.htm#link2HCH0007, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/columbus-lands-in-south-america, https://www.libertarianism.org/publications/essays/rise-centralized-government, http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his101/web/36columb.htm, http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ingd/hd_ingd.htm, www.ibiblio.org/expo/1492.exhibit/Intro.html, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/columbus_legacy_01.shtml. This letter contains a number of interesting observations and suggestions by the captain [10] Their mission was seen as both civilising and religious towards the natives and their islands however it has been argued that it was exploitation and were forced to labour or in some cases sold as slaves. (New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1906) pp 273-270. Letter to King Ferdinand of Spain. Columbus’ Letter to the King and Queen of Spain Lyrics. On Wednesday, the U.S. government turned over to the Spanish ambassador a letter written in 1493 by Christopher Columbus, describing his … In addition it was noted that natives of the island Espanola wore gold jewellery, as a result Columbus and his men prioritised the location of the gold deposits on the island. Commanded by Pope Alexander VI: 2372 words ( 9 pages ) essay Published: 8th 2020! 1485 after traveling from Portugal the results of the Indies ’ in Heilbrunn Timeline of Art.... 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