10). Therefore, contrarily to predictions of phosphor scarcity it seems very unlikely that phosphor may become a limiting factor in food production (Scholz et al. Chapter 2 – Sustainable Development: Definitions, Measures and Determinants 1. 2009; Chang et al. Societal implications of automation will be vast and require advanced foresight and planning to carry out mining in many regions of the world. However, in a short time, the access to water from the wells drilled by the mine and the opportunity to recycle scrap materials (metal, timber, plastic) attracted people. For example, the environmental remediation cost of the Saxony areas in Germany amounts already to 65 billion Euros, the cost of remediation abandoned mine sites in Portugal is of 139 million Euros, and the project to relocate and confine the uranium mining waste in Colorado (MOAB project) is budgeted at 1 billion dollars (NEA/OECD, 2014). In contrast, according to some estimates, the proven oil and gas reserves are equivalent to around 52 and 54 years, respectively, at current production levels (World Coal Association, 2017). It is possible to extract and produce uranium applying occupational safety standards that ensure radiation protection of workers and environment (IAEA, 2014). Governments oscillate between repressing artisanal mining and regulating this activity through buying the gold from artisanal miners (World Bank, 2009). 2015). Several among these radionuclides, such as 226Ra, 210Pb, and 210Po have been reported in aerosols from coal powered plants (UNSCEAR, 2017). Many of the co‐occurring metals in phosphate rock are partly retained with phosphogypsum, a by‐product of phosphoric acid production, while other part goes with the fertilizer (Carvalho 1995). Development Economics: Measures of Success • Concept widely accepted • Global improvement – Possible exception Sub-saharan Africa Source: Figure 1.4, Human Development Report 2005, UNDP Massachusetts Institute of Technology ESD.123/3.560: Industrial Ecology – Systems Perspectives Engineering Systems Division Randolph Kirchain Department of Materials Science & Engineering To the contrary, the mining impacts often degraded their living conditions (Jaskoski 2014). Fossil fuel resources are consumed at high rates, and there is no hope that biogeochemical cycle and natural processes will replenish the fossil fuel reservoirs in Earth in a time scale useful to human societies. Outside China, most REE mines exploit littoral sand dune deposits (monazite sands) in African coasts, South Asia, and Australia. Elyx, the United Nations’ digital ambassador, uses various expressions and actions to help demonstrate the meaning of each Sustainable Development Goal. Introduction During the last decade, we have observed a remarkable upsurge of concern about the sustainability of economic development over the long run. The region's natural and resource potential as a component of investment resources: The Ganja-Gazakh economic region of Azerbaijan case study. Miners segregate heavy minerals from sands and ore deposits to produce coltan (columbite and tantalite mineral) and tantalite, and stock at home sometimes significant quantities of these minerals. The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties. Recycling scrap metal for steel production. This implies that metal recycling must increase and alternative sources of energy must be tapped in order to decrease environmental impacts and depletion of conventional energy resources. Current “hydrofracking” technology, tapping hydrocarbon resources relevant to the economy, allowed the USA to increase natural gas production and replace coal by natural gas. 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